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surgical airway management
Surgical airway management (bronchotomy or laryngotomy) is the medical procedure of ensuring there is an open airway between a patient’s lungs and the outside world. Surgical methods for airway management rely on making a surgical incision is made below the glottis in order to achieve direct access to the lower respiratory tract, bypassing the upper respiratory tract. Surgical airway management is often performed as a last resort in cases where orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation are impossible or contraindicated. Surgical airway management is also used when a person will need a mechanical ventilator for a longer period. The surgical creation of a permanent opening in the larynx is referred to as laryngostomy.
Surgical airway management is a primary consideration in anaesthesia, emergency medicine and intensive care medicine.
Surgical methods for airway management include cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy
==History==
Asclepiades of Bithynia is credited with being the first person who proposed bronchotomy as a surgical procedure, though he never attempted to perform one. Aretaeus of Cappadocia thought the procedure dangerous even as a remedy for choking, since the resulting incision "''would not heal, as being cartilaginous''"; Caelius Aurelianus also rejected its usefulness.〔
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